DMEM Medium
DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium) is a widely used cell culture medium formulated to support the growth of a variety of mammalian cells. It is an enhancement of the original Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium (MEM) with additional components that improve cell proliferation and viability.
Key Components of DMEM Medium
Glucose:
- Provides an energy source for cells.
- Available in high (4.5 g/L) or low (1.0 g/L) concentrations.
- Amino Acids:
- Essential and non-essential amino acids support protein synthesis and cell growth.
- Vitamins:
- Supports various cellular functions, including metabolic pathways and enzymatic activities.
- Salts:
- Maintains osmotic balance and membrane potential.
- Common salts include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, and magnesium sulfate.
- Buffering Agents
- Sodium bicarbonate and sometimes HEPES are used to maintain the pH of the medium within the physiological range (7.2-7.4).
Phenol Red:
- A pH indicator that helps monitor the pH of the culture medium.
- Optional and can be excluded for certain sensitive cell lines.
Variations of DMEM
- DMEM comes in various formulations to cater to different cell types and experimental needs.
- Customizable with or without glucose, pyruvate, or specific amino acids.
Usage
- Widely employed in research labs for culturing adherent and suspension cells.
- Suitable for a variety of applications, including tissue engineering, gene expression studies, and drug screening.
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