RPMI Medium
RPMI-1640 (Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium) is a widely used cell culture medium designed to support the growth of a variety of mammalian cells, particularly those from lymphoid tissues. Developed by George E. Moore and colleagues at the Roswell Park Memorial Institute, RPMI-1640 has been extensively used in both research and clinical applications.
Key Components
- Amino Acids:
- Essential Amino Acids: Includes all the essential amino acids required for protein synthesis, such as L-glutamine, L-arginine, and L-lysine.
- Non-Essential Amino Acids: Provides additional support for cell metabolism.
- Vitamins:
- B Vitamins: Contains various B vitamins like thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), and vitamin B12, which are essential for cellular processes.
- Glucose:
- High Glucose: Typically contains 2.0 g/L glucose, which serves as a primary energy source for cells.
- Salts:
- Inorganic Salts: Includes sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, and magnesium sulfate to maintain osmotic balance and provide necessary ions.
- Sodium Bicarbonate: Acts as a buffering agent to maintain pH, especially when used with CO₂ incubators.
Applications
Lymphoid Cell Culture:
- Cancer Research: RPMI-1640 is frequently used for culturing various cancer cell lines, particularly those derived from lymphoid tissues, such as leukemia and lymphoma cell lines.
- Hybridoma Technology: Supports the growth of hybridoma cells used for monoclonal antibody production.
Primary Cell Culture:
- Immune Cells: It is suitable for culturing primary lymphocytes and other immune cells from blood or lymphoid tissues.
Cell Line Maintenance:
- Cell Lines: Used for the maintenance and proliferation of established mammalian cell lines, including those derived from various tissues.
Variants
- RPMI-1640 without Glutamine: Some formulations omit L-glutamine, which can be added separately to avoid degradation issues.
- RPMI-1640 with Different Glucose Levels: Variants with adjusted glucose concentrations may be available to meet specific cellular energy needs.
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